【摘要】 introduction在论文里是最难写、最耗时同时也是最重要的部分，作为正文的开头，Introduction部分通过呈现研究课题所折射的研究理论来说服目标读者。

introduction在论文里是最难写、最耗时同时也是最重要的部分，作为正文的开头，Introduction部分通过呈现研究课题所折射的研究理论来说服目标读者。 

 

不同于Abstract, 引言部分字数上没有严格的局限性，但是内容方面要求在对应的选题上更加精准和明确。

 

引言通常需要承接摘要部分提出的几个学术方向来展开话题，从比较宽泛的学术背景铺垫逐渐过渡到论文的研究课题

 

写作基本原则

 

 

（1）简洁明了，逻辑性强，层层递进。

 

对本领域现在研究状况进行总结时，introduction有别于discussion，在introduction中不需要展开深入讨论、比较。Introduction 的逻辑需要打好提纲，再开始写作，可以极大减少写作的时间。

 

（2）时态准确：

 

  • 概述中的研究背景通常会引用相关学科中广为接受的原理或事实，以及你所做研究的重要性，这些通常采用现在时。

 

例如：Genomics provides crucial information for rational drug design.

 

  • 在概述中也可能引用与你从事项目相关的一些研究结果，为表达你对该研究结果仍坚信其正确性及相关性，即使已经是很久以前的研究结果，可使用现在时。

 

例如：Many of the lakes and wetlands in the region are located in craters or valleys blocked by early Pliocene lava flows (Ollier & Joyce, 1964).

 

Garcia (1993) suggested that under certain conditions, an individual’s deposit income is the same as the income from purchased national debt, thus changes in the amount of bank loans and deposits caused by changes in the amount of reserves will eventually affect the bond price.

 

  • 需要注意的是如果引用的是一些已经过时或失效的科研结果，动词要使用过去时。

 

例如：Nineteenth-century physicians held that women got migraines because they were "the weaker sex," but current research shows that the causes of migraine are unrelated to gender. （注意这里从过去时态过渡到现在时态）

 

Introduction经典的三段式结构

（1）描述研究主题的背景和重要性

 

（2）概述研究项目的现状以及存在的问题，具体解释你的研究将如何解决过往文献中的空缺、对该主题考虑不足或文献中的其他缺陷

 

（3）表明你的研究在理论、经验和/或政策方面具有更广泛的贡献和影响。

 

introduction常用句型

确定主题的重要性

 

  • Recently, there has been renewed interest in …

     

  • Recent developments in … have heightened the need for

     

  • The past decade has seen the rapid development of … in many fields …

 

确定研究领域内的争议

 

  • Debate continues about the…. for…

     

  • This concept has recently been challenged by … studies 

     

  • The debate about …has gained further prominence with many arguing that

     

  • Scholars have long debated the …

 

解释以往研究不足

 

  • Previous studies of … have not dealt with …

     

  • Researchers have not treated … in much detail

     

  • Most studies in the field of … have only focused on …

     

  • Such approaches, however, have failed to address …

     

  • The research to date has tended to focus on … rather than …

 

当前研究目的

 

  • The specific objective of this study was to …

     

  • An objective of this study was to investigate …

     

  • This thesis will examine the way in which the …

     

  • This study set out to investigate the usefulness of …

     

  • This dissertation seeks to explain the development of …

     

  • This case study seeks to examine the changing nature of …

     

  • The objectives of this research are to determine whether …

 

描述研究方法

 

  • Data for this study were collected using …

     

  • This investigation takes the form of a case study of the …

     

  • By employing qualitative modes of inquiry, I attempt to illuminate the …

     

  • Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide …

     

  • Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this investigation. 

     

  • A holistic approach is utilised, integrating X, Y, and Z material to establish …

 

描述研究意义

 

  • This study provides new insights into …

     

  • This work will generate fresh insight into …

     

  • Understanding the link between X and Y will help …

     

  • It is hoped that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of …

     

  • This study aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring …

     

  • Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on X by demonstrating …

 

描述研究局限性

 

  • The thesis does not engage with …

     

  • This study is unable to encompass the entire …

     

  • Establishing X is beyond the scope of this study. 

     

  • A full discussion of X lies beyond the scope of this study. 

     

  • The reader should bear in mind that the study is based on …

     

  • Another potential problem is that the scope of my thesis may be too broad. 

     

  • Due to practical constraints, this paper cannot provide a comprehensive review of…

 

参考来源：

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/413741536

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/379850731

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/154299044

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/28405665

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/367660372

 

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