【摘要】 自从铁电现象被发现以来，铁电材料的极化电场滞后现象已经得到了广泛的研究。

自从铁电现象被发现以来，铁电材料的极化电场滞后现象已经得到了广泛的研究[1–5]。这是由于铁电体的固有特性，如矫顽场、自发极化和残余极化，可以直接从极化电场的磁滞回线中提取。在实验上，当周期性电场或应力施加在铁电体上时，可以测量磁滞回线[6,7]。此外，许多因素，如温度、晶界或相界、化学元素掺杂以及各向异性等，都会影响铁电体的迟滞行为，也已被广泛研究[8–12]。理论上，在著名的Preisach模型的基础上改进了磁滞回线模型，并在Preisach模型的基础上研究了微观结构和外加应变或应力对铁电体迟滞行为的影响，包括晶粒尺寸对BaTiO3多晶滞后性能的影响，位错壁对铁电单晶极化开关的影响，应变对铁电多晶畴开关的影响，铁电存储器临界厚度问题中的应变效应等[13–18]。然而许多实验和理论结果表明，铁电体的滞回性能不仅取决于材料的微观结构（如晶粒尺寸、厚度、时效和晶界/相界），而且还强烈地取决于测量条件（如频率、温度和应力等）[19–21]. 因此，在不同条件下测量或预测的滞回曲线不可避免地呈现出不同的模式。实验获得的各种模式仍然超出了使用依赖时间的Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire（TDLGD）唯象理论数值模拟的预测。[17,18,22]

 

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